Consolidation of 29 Labour Legislations into Four Labour Codes

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The Government of India has undertaken one of the most significant labour law reforms by
consolidating 29 Labour Legislations into four comprehensive Labour Codes, which have come into force with effect from 21 November 2025.
The four Labour Codes are:

  1. The Code on Wages, 2019.
  2. The Industrial Relations Code, 2020.
  3. The Code on Social Security, 2020.
  4. The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020.

A. Code on Wages, 2019
The Code on Wages, 2019 consolidates and replaces:

  1. The Payment of Wages Act, 1936.
  2. The Minimum Wages Act, 1948.
  3. The Payment of Bonus Act, 1965.
  4. The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976.

B. Industrial Relations Code, 2020
The Industrial Relations Code, 2020 consolidates and replaces:

  1. The Trade Unions Act, 1926.
  2. The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946.
  3. The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947.

C. Code on Social Security, 2020
The Code on Social Security, 2020 consolidates and replaces:

  1. The Employees’ Compensation Act, 1923.
  2. The Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948.
  3. The Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952.
  4. The Employment Exchanges (Compulsory Notification of Vacancies) Act, 1959.
  5. The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961.
  6. The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972.
  7. The Cine-Workers Welfare Fund Act, 1981.
  8. The Building and Other Construction Workers’ Welfare Cess Act, 1996.
  9. The Unorganised Workers’ Social Security Act, 2008.

D. Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020
The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 consolidates and
replaces:

  1. The Factories Act, 1948.
  2. The Plantations Labour Act, 1951.
  3. The Mines Act, 1952.
  4. The Working Journalists and Other Newspaper Employees (Conditions of Service) and
    Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1955.
  5. The Working Journalists (Fixation of Rates of Wages) Act, 1958.
  6. The Motor Transport Workers Act, 1961.
  7. The Beedi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966.
  8. The Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970.
  9. The Sales Promotion Employees (Conditions of Service) Act, 1976.
  10. The Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of
    Service) Act, 1979.
  11. The Cine-Workers and Cinema Theatre Workers (Regulation of Employment) Act,
  12. The Dock Workers (Safety, Health and Welfare) Act, 1986.
  13. The Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and
    Conditions of Service) Act, 1996.

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